Earlier this month, Gunma Prefecture removed a memorial monument in a park in the city of Takasaki. The monument had been erected in 2004 by a local citizens group to commemorate Korean laborers who had been brought to Japan during the Pacific War and died in Gunma Prefecture. In 2014, the prefectural government refused to renew the permit for the monument because it claimed the group had held a “political event,” which violated one of the conditions of the permit. Apparently, someone who attended one of the group’s public memorial ceremonies made a speech that used the phrase “forced mobilization,” meaning that some of the Korean laborers who worked in Gunma during the war did not come of their own free will. The group challenged the prefectural order and in 2022 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the prefecture on appeal, thus setting the stage for what the governor of Gunma, Ichita Yamamoto, called “administrative subrogation,” an automatic bureaucratic action triggered by a violation of an agreement. According to the Mainichi Shimbun, in response to criticism that removing the monument might “encourage hate speech and historical revisionism,” Yamamoto said the matter was essentially out of his hands.
The irony, of course, is that if using the term “forced mobilization” to describe the situation of some Korean laborers during the war—a situation most historians say existed—is political, then it would follow that removing the monument because somehow those who decide such things deem it to be so is also political. There is no reference to forced mobilization on the monument itself.
Yamamoto has said that he tried to negotiate with the group to have it moved to a “proposed” different location, but the group said there was no other suitable place, thus suggesting that the site offered by Yamamoto was in an out-of-the-way location, which would negate the entire meaning of a memorial. In any case, the prefecture’s offer of an alternative site would seem to imply that it is only following the subrogation condition and is not banning the monument per se, so why remove it in the first place? It’s obvious that Yamamoto and other parties simply don’t want the monument in the park where visitors might see it. (Reportedly, the spot in the park where the monument stood is off the beaten track) But what mainly scares the prefecture is people of a certain political orientation complaining of the very existence of the monument, whose main stated purpose is to foster friendship with the Korean people; and, as a matter of fact, when work to remove the monument started on January 29, right wing activists showed up to cheer the work and jeer at members of the citizens group and its supporters, who came to mourn the removal. Expecting that right wingers would show up, the prefecture itself mobilized police to make sure there was no violence, so there was another layer of irony underlying the subrogation order. If the condition that the monument have no “political” aspect was included to prevent friction between groups with different attitudes, than the subrogation order was achieving exactly that unwanted outcome.
The prefecture did say the citizens group could take possession of the monument, but while the group did receive the plaque with the friendship inscription, it could do nothing with the concrete and metal monument itself, which is quite large—7.2 meters in diameter with a golden column that’s 4 meters high.
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