Though the Japanese government’s intentions to double the defense budget over the next five years has caused some controversy here, in the U.S. it has mostly met with unequivocal support. President Joe Biden, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, and other top officials have unanimously praised Japan’s “initiative,” saying that it proves that the country is taking a much needed leadership role in the protection of not only its own territory, but also democracy throughout eastern Asia.
The huge budget increase will go towards hardware, most of which will be purchased from the U.S. Consequently, Japanese journalists who specialize in defense matters have been studying the proposals and several have wondered out loud if the U.S. isn’t taking advantage of Japan’s sudden willingness to buy lots of weapons. A Dec. 13 article on the website News Post 7 includes an interview with veteran reporter Shigeru Handa, who points out that a lot of the equipment Japan has pledged to buy from the U.S. is outdated and no longer that useful to the American military. It’s as if the U.S. saw Japan as the ideal place to dump its surplus and supperannuated stock of missiles and aircraft.
Handa was especially curious about Japan’s possible purchase of 500 Tomahawk cruise missiles by 2027. Tomahawks can be used to attack enemy bases overseas and will be deployed mainly on ships. The technology was developed 40 years ago, and some experts in Japan have questioned their effectiveness in today’s battle scenarios. However, what concerns Handa is the method of purchase. Japan will buy the missiles using the American Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, which, as Wikipedia puts it, “facilitates the sales of U.S. arms, defense equipment and services, and military training to foreign goverments.” In 2011, Japan spent about ¥60 billion through the program. In 2020, that spending had increased to ¥500 billion, meaning purchases of weapons and attendant services from the U.S. has increased almost tenfold in the last decade. As Handa points out, other world governments use FMS to buy weapons and equipment from the U.S. government, based on the U.S. Arms Export Act, but they tend to buy only the latest systems available. For the most part, Japan is buying older equipment.
Moreover, FMS is structured in such a way that the price for the materials bought is whatever the U.S. wants to charge, and in many cases, due to shipping and other delays, the final price is much higher than the initial estimate when the purchase decision was made. So often Japan ends up paying much more than they originally budgeted for these weapons, a situation that Handa says causes problems all the time for Japanese auditors.
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